Entrepreneurship & Innovation

Three experiments tested whether counterfactual events can serve as primes. The evidence supports the hypothesis that counterfactuals prime a mental simulation mind-set that leads people to consider alternatives. Exposure to counterfactual scenarios affected person perception judgments in a later, unrelated task and this effect was distinct from semantic construct priming. Moreover, these effects were dependent on the availability of salient possible outcomes in the person perception task.

In this study, 4 experiments demonstrated that priming effects depend on the context-appropriate meaning of the prime words. Most studies of semantic construct activation have presented prime words in contexts where the meaning of each word was invariant. The authors used words in contexts that supported either literal or figurative meanings, and found that only the context-appropriate meanings had subsequent priming effects on person-perception judgments.

The research in this article examined the consequences of a failed attempt to reduce dissonance through a self-affirmation strategy. It was hypothesized that disconfirming participants' affirmations would reinstate psychological discomfort and dissonance motivation. In Experiment 1, high-dissonance participants who affirmed on a self-relevant value scale and received disconforming feedback about their affirmations expressed greater psychological discomfort (Elliot & Devine, 1994) than either affirmation-only participants or low-dissonance/affirmation disconformed participants.

Sociologists contend that industries can be importantly characterized as sets of interlocking producer positions. This paper argues that this distinctively relational conception of a market represents a powerful framework for depicting and analyzing the process of technical change.

Dual-process models share a subset of beliefs about the quest for knowledge, opinions, and understanding. Each section of this chapter explores a theme that is common to these models, and traces some of the historical roots of the assumptions made concerning human epistemology. Four themes are explored: the construction of knowledge; producing meaning and closure through removing doubt; preparing for action and experiencing control; and the notion of limited capacity and the least-effort principle.

Gillinson lectures to a class at London Business School. He describes the main challenges in running an orchestra, including developing artistic vision, recruitment, and issues of self-governance and leadership.

We perform an econometric investigation of the contribution of pharmaceutical innovation to mortality reduction and growth in lifetime per capita income. In both of the periods studied (1970-80 and 1980-91), there is a highly significant positive relationship across diseases between the increase in mean age at death (which is closely related to life expectancy) and rates of introduction of new, priority' (as defined by the FDA) drugs.

In The Boundaryless Organization, a world-class team of management experts showed how leading companies were becoming more flexible, innovative, and competitive by breaking the barriers that limit the free flow of resources and information. Now, The Boundaryless Organization Field Guide gives executives, managers, and HR professionals the guidance and resources they need to make their own organizations boundaryless. This hands-on kit includes materials based on the acclaimed WorkOut process initiated at General Electric.