Leadership & Organizational Behavior

This article proposes a model that nests both a strict tree model and the Luce choice model. The multiplicative formulation allows for easy estimation using least-squares procedures. The model is shown to be more parsimonious than the hierarchical elimination method and in a small illustration, to significantly out-perform Luce in predicting soft-drink preferences.

This article examines the reasons for the observed discrepancy between workers' actual and required levels of schooling and the resulting differences in returns to schooling, "Overeducated" workers are found to be younger and to have lower amounts of on-the-job training than workers with the required level of schooling. They also have higher rates of firm and occupational mobility, characterized by movement of higher-level occupations.

Monetary models based on cash-in-advance constraints make strong predictions about the stochastic properties of endogeneous variables such as the velocity of circulation of money, the rate of inflation, and real and nominal interest rates. We develop numerical methods to understand these predictions because the models cannot be characterized analytically. We calibrate some cash-in-advance models using driving processes estimated from U. S. time-series data to generate model predictions that are compared to sample statistics.

Customer orientation is a fine ideal. Making it a reality is difficult for many organizations. Provides a framework to guide management through the process of building a customer-driven philosophy. It is hoped that by means of such a framework it will be possible to evaluate an organization's customer orientation profile, and to provide the basis for a comparison of interorganizational approaches.

A conceptual model is developed that describes the relationships among consumer values, utility, and ownership of durables. These relationships are tested empirically using data on a variety of discretionary durables collected from a sample of 735 adults. Results support the model structure and suggest that augmenting the List of Values (Kahle 1983) with a measure of materialism improves prediction of value-related consumer behavior.

In this paper we propose a model for describing consumer decision making among assortments or menus of options from which a single option will be chosen at a later time. Central to the derivation of the model is an assumption that consumers are uncertain about their future preferences. The model captures both the utility of the items within the assortments as well as the flexibility the items offer as a group. We support our model empirically with two laboratory experiments. In the first experiment we test the underlying assumptions.

Bernard Frieden and Lynne Sagalyn provide an in-depth analysis of public-private partnerships that have resulted in several large downtown retail redevelopment projects. These projects were dependent in part on an improvement in underlying factors such as the revitalization of the downtown office market. But, more important, these projects owe their existence to innovative entrepreneurial urban policy. This essay shows how current city policies evolved from the experience gained from redevelopment efforts launched under federal auspices.

A meta-analysis of results from 320 published studies relates environmental, strategic, and organizational factors to financial performance. The 320 empirical studies that were reviewed were published between 1921 and 1987. Findings from the most frequently studied relationships include: 1. Industry concentration was addressed in almost 100 studies; over 1,100 tests show a clear directional effect. 2. Growth, analyzed in 88 studies, is consistently related to higher financial performance. 3. Market share is positively associated with financial performance. 4.